Start the quotation with a lowercase letter if it is a sentence fragment. For examples of block quotations that provide information on when to use commas or colons as well as when to capitalize the first word of a block quotation please see Block Quotation Examples by the APA Style BlogFor more information on how to use commas and colons please see the presentation titled Punctuating sentences.
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Use a comma.
Comma or colon before quote. According to The Chicago Manual of Style commas and periods are almost always placed before a closing quotation mark like this rather than after like this. Start the quotation that follows with a capital letter if the quotation itself is a full sentence. Use a colon after an introduction that is an independent clause or if the quotation is at least one sentence.
622 Restrictive and nonrestrictive clauseswhich versus. Ned offered a string of commands. He referred to his opponent as a lily-livered coward of the highest degree No commas next to question marks and exclamation points.
Colons Can Introduce Quotations Colons are also commonly used in prose to introduce quotations. A semicolon is often used to join together two independent clauses in other words it joins two clauses that could be sentences. Bring the direwolf here Use a colon.
620 Commas with etc and et al 621 Omitting serial commas before ampersands. If the introduction is not an independent clause and most arent you can use a comma. Never have a sentence with a period before a quote.
617 Commas in pairs. Someone says quotation If the word just before the quotation is a verb indicating someone uttering the quoted words use a comma. Commas with Relative Clauses.
Commas semicolons and colons in Punctuation. Examples include the words says said states asks and yells. If a citation in parentheses follows the quotation the period follows the citation.
This compelling grammar lesson answers such thorny questions as this one. 619 Using semicolons instead of commas in a series. When the quoted material is lengthy its usually set off from the rest of the text by indentation but not by quotation marks.
The quote is a block quote introduced by a full sentence. But a comma is used as a brief pause whereas a semicolon indicates a slightly longer delay and a semicolon asks the reader to give a considerable pause. If your quotation in running text ie with no introduction use nothing before it.
The final period or comma goes inside the quotation marks even if it is not a part of the quoted material unless the quotation is followed by a citation. If a period is needed we insert the period before the ellipsis and set the punctuation roman. If the words before the colon do not constitute a sentence do not use a colon.
The teacher said Your essay is due on Monday. To present a quotation after a complete sentence eg those ending in thus or as follows put a colon after the introductory sentence and before the quotation marks. Bring the direwolf here.
If you use a complete sentence to introduce a quotation use a colon just before the quotation Rule 2. When youre quoting someones exact words introduce the quote with open quotation marks and end the quote with a period or comma and closing quotation marks. If the sentence ends in a subordinating conjunction use no punctuation.
In truth it doesnt really matter and if you are introducing a quotation by using words such as he said she commented they asserted etc. The quote blends in to the surrounding text. However as a guide it is generally advisable that you use commas to introduce quotations that consist of less than seven words and colons.
Mom does a period go before or after the last quotation mark. Generally a colon is used to introduce a list of items mark the start of a quotation expansion or explanation and the various contexts like time. Ned had one command.
Ned said that I should bring the direwolf here No punctuation. Use of punctuation to lead in to quotes Use a colon or comma before a full-sentence quote. To make a cake you need butter sugar eggs milk flour leavener and salt.
Using either a comma before the quotation mark or a colon before the quotation mark is perfectly acceptable. Colon is often used to introduce a quotation used in a sentence but you will never see a comma or a semicolon to introduce a quote. Jane drives a Ferrari.
Such an introduction can be followed by nothing a comma or a colon to separate it from the quotation. With a fragmentary quotation not a complete sentence do not use a comma before the quote nor a capital to start the quote. If theres a phrase ending with a verb use a comma.
Series and the Serial Comma. If a superscript footnote number is used it follows the period and the quotation marks. Quotations are often introduced with terms like He said She whispered and They shouted the verbs in these introductions are called verbs of attribution.
Where to Put the Comma Period Colon and Semicolon When Using Quotation Marks. You can use a colon a comma or nothing before a quotation. Using a Colon before a Quotation Writers often ask whether they should use a comma a colon or nothing when introducing a quotation.
This traditional style has persisted even though its no longer universally followed outside of the United States and isnt entirely logical. If it was a complete sentence before the quotes use a colon. If a comma is needed as it would be when the long title is.
Or The Deafe and Dumbe Mans Friend. 616 Use of the comma. John drives a Lamborghini.
Words like that Never use a semi-colon when introducing a quote. In American usage periods and commas typically go inside of quotation marks. The quote is introduced by a complete sentence.
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