The reason for this convention is to improve the appearance of the text. First use a comma to separate quoted material from the rest of the sentence that explains or introduces the quotation.
How To Use Quotation Marks Correctly With Cheat Sheet Picture Quotes Quotations Quotation Marks
If we wish to write in a sentence format a comma goes with the closing quotation mark if the quote is followed by a remark that aims to report the direct speech.
Comma before quote. Use of punctuation to lead in to quotes Use a colon or comma before a full-sentence quote. When you are explaining a particular word or phrase by using quotations around it or identifying the name of a book song or movie you will not necessarily need to use a comma before the item. Digital typographers can close up the gap.
If the quotation comes before he said she wrote they reported Dana insisted or a similar attribution end the quoted material with a comma even if it is only one word. You can use a colon a comma or nothing before a quotation. In certain cases you can skip the comma when introducing a quotation.
If the quote ends with a question mark or an exclamation point use it inside the quotation marks and then continue the sentence outside the quotation marks like. If you are splitting the quotation with attributing the person you will need two commas. To identify the speaker of a quotation before the quotation appears put a comma after the speaking-related verb said replied stated wrote etc.
Use a colon after an introduction that is an independent clause or if the quotation is at least one sentence. But Robert Bringhurst writing in the era of digital fonts maintains that it generally makes no typographic difference if quotation marks follow commas and periods or precede them 87. As the word acts as a natural bridge between two parts of a clause or sentence there is almost never a need for a comma before it.
Rarely do these types of quotes need commas in front of themThe document says It was just after midnight that she was admittedIt states on the left. First skip the comma if the quotation is introduced by a conjunction like that whether or if. If a superscript footnote number is used it follows the period and the quotation marks.
Commas or periods always precede closing quotation marks of quoted material. If a citation in parentheses follows the quotation the period follows the citation. When a comma or period is needed after a quotation publishers in the United States typically put the punctuation mark before the closing quotation mark.
2 He said yes and she said no Colons and semicolons always follow closing quotation marks of quoted material. These remarks typically include a persons name and a verb such as Alex said or said Alex which may also include an adverb like in Alex said hesitantly. Lincoln said Better to remain silent and be thought a fool than to speak out and remove all doubt.
If the introduction is not an independent clause and most arent you can use a comma. Where are you going she asked. The question is said Alice whether you can make words mean so many things.
As a rule of thumb you only use a comma around a quote when it follows or proceeds a verb that attributes the quote. The final period or comma goes inside the quotation marks even if it is not a part of the quoted material unless the quotation is followed by a citation. These words do not take a comma before the quotes unless it is appropriate for the sentence in general that is unless the grammar calls for it.
Commas and periods that are part of the overall sentence go inside the quotation marks even though they arent part of the original quotation. The convention goes back at least to the nineteenth century. 1 There are no ifs ands or buts about it.
This is one of those tricky grey areas of grammar where some authorities believe a comma is outright wrong others that it is allowable. If your quotation in running text ie with no introduction use nothing before it. The convention nonetheless remains.
Following that guidance I might write sentences like this. When the quote ends use a comma inside the quotation marks and then continue the sentence outside. You also use a comma simply when it keeps the sentence grammatical.
In these cases the quotations are used to support the primary meaning of the sentence.
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